A clearer view of the evidence.

Explore the accounts, documents and research behind UFOs and UAP.

We add newly reviewed sources as they are ready. Not all of our research is public yet.

Recently reviewed

381 sources so far

Browse by type →
PaperS7703

A Comprehensive Atlas of Immunological Differences Between Humans, Mice, and Non-Human Primates

Zachary B Bjornson-Hooper, Gabriela K Fragiadakis, Matthew H Spitzer, Han Chen, Deepthi Madhireddy, Kevin Hu, Kelly Lundsten, David R McIlwain, Garry P Nolan. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. March 11, 2022.

This comparative immune atlas describes differences among sampled humans, mice and non-human primates. Mouse blood was pooled into six tubes, and the human dataset overlaps a companion study. Selected differences face antibody-affinity and unexplained denominator limits. Nolan advised the study and edited the manuscript. FDA/NIH support is acknowledged without identifying all individual award recipients; it does not establish a UAP programme or private approach. Review excludes operational biological sections, Discussion and Methods.

Partial specialist XML; operational sections and Methods excluded
ReportS7726

Confirmation of Interstellar Object: memorandum for NASA Science Mission Directorate

John E. Shaw (typed signer in author-hosted reproduction). lweb.cfa.harvard.edu. March 1, 2022.

This author-hosted reproduction presents a Space Command memorandum to NASA. Its first paragraph attributes 99.999% confidence to the Siraj–Loeb paper; the second reports Mozer’s qualitative confirmation of a sufficiently accurate velocity estimate. It supplies no raw data, numerical uncertainty analysis or researcher classified access. The page concerns the same meteor chain, rather than a new detection or technological-origin finding.

Author-hosted public reproduction read; official authentication unresolved
PodcastS7489

Garry Nolan: UFOs and Aliens | Lex Fridman Podcast #262

Garry Nolan, Lex Fridman. lawwu.github.io. February 6, 2022.

Nolan recalls a government-associated approach, a meeting with Vallée and seeing videos before their release. He distinguishes those experiences from extraordinary material he says he has not personally seen, and discusses medical and privately collected material accounts with explicit limits.

Transcript text read
PaperS7555

CellSeg: a robust, pre-trained nucleus segmentation and pixel quantification software for highly multiplexed fluorescence images

Michael Y. Lee, Jacob S. Bedia, Salil S. Bhate, Graham L. Barlow, Darci Phillips, Wendy J. Fantl, Garry P. Nolan, Christian M. Schürch. ebi.ac.uk. January 18, 2022.

CellSeg combines a pretrained nucleus-segmentation model with image scaling, stitching, mask expansion and pixel statistics. Historical benchmark scores and representative tissue examples have different provenance and settings; densely packed tissue remains difficult. A colorectal comparison reuses 140 samples from 35 people and provides author-described gating and correlation. Correlation does not establish exhaustive cell truth or universal clinical accuracy. Source-native metric definitions, count conflicts and caption errors are preserved.

Supplied text and six figures read
InterviewS7506

Flow Stars S2E1 — Garry Nolan (Stanford School of Medicine)

Peter O’Toole, Garry Nolan. flowstars.bitesizebio.com. January 12, 2022.

Nolan recounts a CIA-identified office approach for blood-analysis help with reportedly ill pilots and ground personnel. He explicitly says too much time had elapsed to identify immune signatures and that he has no origin conclusion.

Producer machine transcript text read
PaperS7759

An Exomoon Survey of 70 Cool Giant Exoplanets and the New Candidate Kepler-1708 b-i

David Kipping, Steve Bryson, Chris Burke, Jessie Christiansen, Kevin Hardegree-Ullman, Billy Quarles, Brad Hansen, Judit Szulágyi, Alex Teachey. arxiv.org. January 12, 2022.

A survey of70 cool giant planets reports a tentative exomoon candidate. Two transits and dependent treatments of Kepler data leave ordinary noise, blend and other-planet alternatives. Statistical planet validation and moon tests are separate; this is astronomy background, with no life or UAP detection.

Full supplied v1 manuscript; original and model checks remain open
PaperS7688

Immune cell topography predicts response to PD-1 blockade in cutaneous T cell lymphoma

Darci Phillips, Magdalena Matusiak, Belén Rivero Gutierrez, Salil S Bhate, Graham L Barlow, Sizun Jiang, Janos Demeter, Kimberly S Smythe, Robert H Pierce, Steven P Fling, Nirasha Ramchurren, Martin A Cheever, Yury Goltsev, Robert B West, Michael S Khodadoust, Youn H Kim, Christian M Schürch, Garry P Nolan. ebi.ac.uk. November 18, 2021.

This observational tissue analysis links immune-cell topography to pembrolizumab response in14selected lymphoma patients from an earlier24-patient trial. Seventy regions and large cell counts remain nested within those patients. Assay validation and resampling reuse the same cohort, without an independent clinical test. Several abundance and signature measures were null; the proposed chemokine mechanism is not causally demonstrated. Nolan is a corresponding coauthor/joint supervisor. Published government grants and commercial/patent disclosures remain attributed, without establishing a classified approach or UAP programme.

Complete specialist supplied XML text; native graphics unreviewed
PaperS7747

Erosion of Icy Interstellar Objects by Cosmic Rays and Implications for ‘Oumuamua

Vo Hong Minh Phan, Thiem Hoang, Abraham Loeb. arxiv.org. October 28, 2021.

Phan, Hoang and Loeb model erosion and modification of icy interstellar objects under assumed cosmic-ray, material and travel conditions. Prior observations and fits support theoretical predictions rather than new detections or demonstrated composition.

Complete supplied seven-page manuscript; conditional erosion model
PaperS7745

The Mass Budget Necessary to Explain ‘Oumuamua as a Nitrogen Iceberg

Amir Siraj, Abraham Loeb. arxiv.org. October 15, 2021.

Siraj and Loeb assess whether nitrogen-ice fragments could account for the earlier Oumuamua detection. Their conclusion depends on population and mass-budget assumptions; no new data are generated or analyzed.

Complete supplied three-page manuscript; conditional mass-budget model
PaperS7553

Strategies for Accurate Cell Type Identification in CODEX Multiplexed Imaging Data

John W. Hickey, Yuqi Tan, Garry P. Nolan, Yury Goltsev. ebi.ac.uk. August 13, 2021.

The study compares 20 cell-annotation pipelines using four healthy-colon tissue blocks from one donor. Agreement improves with broader labels, but both reference sets use the same images and one explicitly favors a pipeline being evaluated. The authors recommend checking expression patterns and image locations when assigning cell types. Marker counts, a worked F-score example and several caption or settings inconsistencies remain documented. These results do not establish universal clinical accuracy or a UAP connection.

Supplied text and scoped apparatus read
PaperS7685

Subcellular localization of biomolecules and drug distribution by high-definition ion beam imaging

Xavier Rovira-Clavé, Sizun Jiang, Yunhao Bai, Bokai Zhu, Graham Barlow, Salil Bhate, Ahmet F Coskun, Guojun Han, Chin-Min Kimmy Ho, Chuck Hitzman, Shih-Yu Chen, Felice-Alessio Bava, Garry P Nolan. ebi.ac.uk. July 30, 2021.

This cultured-cell imaging study maps biomolecules and drug distribution at fine spatial scales, with limited skin-tissue validation. Small cell samples and nested voxels limit generalization; 33 fields/cells across treatment groups came from one experiment. The proposed nuclear-pore pumping mechanism is an interpretation, without a demonstrated causal intervention or clinical outcome. Acknowledged NIH, Army and foundation support does not establish a secret approach or UAP programme. Nolan is a corresponding author and joint supervisor. The paper declares no competing interests; native graphics, supplements and underlying data remain unreviewed.

Complete specialist supplied XML text; native graphics unreviewed
PaperS7744

Interstellar Objects Outnumber Solar System Objects in the Oort Cloud

Amir Siraj, Abraham Loeb. arxiv.org. July 22, 2021.

Siraj and Loeb infer a potentially large interstellar population from prior observations and population assumptions. The paper introduces no new data; selection, size distributions and model sensitivity limit its abundance estimates.

Complete supplied four-page manuscript; conditional abundance model

A curated public selection. Source review describes what was read; it does not establish that a claim is true. Our research approach