Spatially Segregated Macrophage Populations Predict Distinct Outcomes in Colon Cancer
This observational human-tissue study associates distinct macrophage populations with different colon-cancer outcomes: IL4I1 with favorable survival in two reported cohorts and SPP1 with unfavorable survival in one. Nested cells and tissue regions are not independent patients; no adjusted or prospectively validated clinical predictor is established. A reused breast-cancer treatment-response measure is T-cell receptor expansion, a surrogate. Nolan is a Resources coauthor. Public cancer-research grants name other recipients and establish no classified approach or UAP programme. Figures and supplements remain unreviewed.
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