Virtual and augmented reality for biomedical applications

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• The complete supplied XML text, table rows, captions and 70 reference entries were read. The graphical abstract, original figure images, PDF, supplemental figures S1–S6, videos, underlying dataset and code, and cited studies remain unreviewed. Reading descriptions does not establish viewing or running the systems.
• Publication metadata lists July 21, 2021, while a collection note says July 20, 2021. July 2021 is retained without silently choosing between dates. Product lists, prices, availability and specifications are historical snapshots, not current buying or clinical recommendations.
• Training benefits depend on the comparison: VR performed worse on practical skills than real-life training. The matched surgical comparison counted screws within 40 patients and found no significant difference in several broader outcomes. Demonstrations, subjective ratings and an anecdotal planning account do not establish general clinical superiority.
• Garry P Nolan and his Stanford Pathology affiliation are explicit. His contribution concerns multiplexed protein data acquisition. Academic, philanthropic and Swiss research support is attributed to named coauthors; no Nolan-specific government approach or classified programme is reported.
• Reference 56 links an already registered source; the citation is not a fresh read or independent replication. Code is available only upon request, and data and videos are linked separately. No patient charts, controlled data, code execution, supplement reading or clinical intervention occurred.